INDEPENDENT EXPLAINERS · GLOBAL EDITIONEvidence first. Perspective follows.
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Markets

Valuation, earnings and the mechanics behind a market headline.

Markets

A low P/E ratio is a question, not a bargain label

Read a P/E ratio with the right earnings definition. Compare trailing and forward estimates, cyclical profits and debt before treating a low multiple as a bargain.

Markets

Profitable on paper, short of cash: how that happens

See why profit and cash flow can diverge. A worked example connects receivables, inventory and capital spending to the money a business actually has available.

Markets

The company beat earnings. Why did its stock fall?

An earnings beat can still disappoint investors. Separate reported results, expectations, guidance and valuation to understand why a stock may fall on strong news.

Markets

A stock split changes the slice, not the whole pie

Understand stock splits and reverse splits through share counts, adjusted prices and charts. Learn why a lower price per share does not itself create company value.

Markets

Why bond prices fall when yields rise

Learn why bond prices usually fall when market yields rise. Compare fixed coupons, maturity and interest-rate risk, including the difference between bonds and funds.

Markets

A bitcoin ETP is a wrapper, not a risk eraser

Compare a bitcoin ETP with direct bitcoin ownership: custody, fees, trading hours and tracking. Learn what the investment wrapper changes and which risks remain.